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An O-Ring functions as a seal through the
mechanical deformation of the elastomeric compound by
mating metal surfaces. This creates a condition of
"zero" clearance which blocks the liquid or gas being
sealed. The pressure which causes the O-Ring to move is
supplied by mechanical pressure or "Squeeze" generated
by proper gland design, material selection, and by the
system pressure transmitted by the fluid itself.
Figure 1 shows an O-Ring
improperly used. As installed, it is not deformed but
retains its natural round shape.
With the application of pressure as in
Figure 2, the O-Ring is likely to deform (as part
of its design characteristic) or open a leakage path.
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Figure 3 shows the proper
installation of an O-Ring seal. Notice that the
clearance for the O-Ring is less than its free outer
diameter, that the O-Ring cross-section is squeezed
diametrically out-of-round even before the application
of pressure. This ensures contact with the inner and
outer walls of the passage under static conditions.
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